★ Startup in Focus

Paper Instruments: Building AI Tools for Knowledge Work

Paper Instruments builds open-source frontier models and agent-first tools for knowledge work. Formerly known as The LLM Data Company, the startup began with tooling for evaluating LLMs and agents and has expanded into software that helps AI agents work with real-world professional files and workflows.

By Team Agent Unfolded | Last Updated: September 28, 2026
AI Infrastructure
Open Source
AI Agents
Knowledge Work
Visit paperinstruments.com ↗
$
$125K YC Seed 2025 · Reported
◎
3 Founding Team Khazi · Bains · Besgen
↗
92.5% Paper Office Benchmark Company-reported · 61 tasks

Basic Information

Field Detail
Company Name
Paper Instruments
Former Name
The LLM Data Company
Category
AI Infrastructure
Subcategory
AI Agents, Open-Source Models, Evals & Knowledge Work
Founded
2025
Headquarters
San Francisco, California
Stage
Seed / Early Stage
Reported Funding
$125,000 Y Combinator seed investment
Founders
Daanish Khazi, Gavin Bains & Joseph Besgen
YC Batch
Spring 2025
Team Size
Small founding team; public profiles list approximately 3–8 employees
Website
paperinstruments.com ↗

What Paper Instruments Does

Paper Instruments develops software and models for AI agents performing knowledge work. Its current focus includes open-source frontier models and agent-first tooling for manipulating professional documents while preserving their underlying structure.

Key Products & Research

  • Paper Office for agent-safe Word, PowerPoint and Excel editing
  • Open-source tools for structured professional documents
  • Model and agent evaluation infrastructure
  • Doteval workspace for writing and executing evals
  • Research into reinforcement learning and post-training
  • Frontier model projects including Kos-1 and Kos-1 Lite

Why It Matters

AI agents increasingly need to modify the documents people already use, not simply generate new text. Paper Instruments is targeting this infrastructure layer, where preserving formatting, formulas, relationships and document structure becomes part of agent reliability.

Paper Instruments at Scale

92.5%

Paper Office Benchmark

Paper Instruments reports a 92.5% pass rate across five models and 61 document-editing tasks when its packages are used with the accompanying guidance.

3

Office Packages

Paper Office includes separate Python packages for Word, PowerPoint and Excel workflows.

2026

Research Expansion

Research has expanded from evaluation tooling into frontier model work, reinforcement learning and agent-first software infrastructure.

Product & Research Momentum

Paper Office

Released in September 2026, Paper Office provides Python packages that let agents edit existing Word, PowerPoint and Excel files while attempting to preserve the structures users did not ask them to change.

From Evals to Agent Tools

The company’s original product, Doteval, focused on writing, versioning and executing evaluations for models and agents. Paper Instruments now applies the same emphasis on measurable agent performance to the software layer agents use.

Frontier Model Research

The company has published work on Kos-1, Kos-1 Lite, medical reinforcement learning and DiligenceBench, an evaluation for long-form equity research agents.

Funding Journey

2025

Founded

The LLM Data Company

Founded by Daanish Khazi, Gavin Bains and Joseph Besgen

Spring 2025

Y Combinator

S25

Joined Y Combinator and launched tooling for model and agent evaluations

2025–2026

Evals & RL

Doteval

Developed evaluation workflows, reinforcement-learning datasets and frontier-model research

September 2026

Paper Instruments

Paper Office

Expanded into agent-first tools for structured Word, PowerPoint and Excel editing

Data note: Y Combinator lists Paper Instruments as a Spring 2025 company and identifies the founders as Daanish Khazi, Gavin Bains and Joseph Besgen. Dealroom lists a $125,000 Y Combinator seed investment in May 2025. Public funding databases are incomplete and do not establish a definitive cumulative funding figure, so this profile does not estimate total funding. Paper Instruments’ current positioning is based on its own website and September 2026 Paper Office release.
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